1990 Annual Work Plan
This document provides a summary of the projects funded by APES during Fiscal Year 1989 and a description of the anticipated milestones and goals that APES would achieve during its scheduled completion in 1992.

A Summary of the User-Group Workshops: February 1992 (Internal Report)
In February 1992, seven workshops were held to present to different "user groups" the management option presented in the drafts of CCMP action plans in order to understand their concerns and to elicit their suggestions for additional or alternative management recommendations. The groups that met were (1) elected officials from the southern portion of A/P region; (2) elected officials from the northern portion of the A/P region; (3) farmers and foresters; (4) commercial and recreational fishermen; (5) point source dischargers; (6) developers and marina operators; and (7) environmental activists. Each group was presented with the management recommendations that would most affect it. Open discussion of each option and of any new suggestions followed. The APES staff compiled and, as appropriate, incorporated suggestions into the drafts of the management plan. Some options were supported by all groups. In general, land use planning and strengthened enforcement of existing regulations were supported. Other options were opposed by one or two groups that would be particularly affected. Most participants did recognize their role in the problems apparent in the A/P and showed their support for continuing to work with members of other interest groups towards greater environmental protection and conservation.

Albemarle-Pamlico Coupling Study
Albemarle Sound has far fewer fish than Pamlico Sound. This study set out to determine whether few larval estuarine-dependent finfish could enter Albemarle Sound because of the current patterns. Water flow, water level, water quality, and wind speed and direction through Croatan Sound were measured and modeled to determine the hydrodynamic coupling of the sounds and the possibilities for larval recruitment. Surface and bottom flows were found to be wind-driven. Wind can set up a "tilt" in the water's surface, and so can enhance tidal flows, limiting the recruitment of fish into Albemarle Sound.

Annual Report: 1990-91
The report summarizes the Program's progress over the fiscal year. The Information Acquisition Program, Public Involvement Program, Data Management Program, and Action Plan Demonstration Project Program are all described. The program's schedule and budget are also discussed.

Blueprint for Action, Media Tour, APES Annual Meeting
The "Blueprint for Action" was developed through Citizen Advisory Committee workshops as a foundational management plan to encourage communication and to serve as a springboard for the APES Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP). It outlines a proposed framework for the development of the CCMP. It lays out goals (long- term and broad in scope) in the four areas discussed in the APES Status and Trends Report: (1) Water Quality decrease point and nonpoint sources of pollution to maintain resources; (2) Fisheries restore and conserve all fisheries resources; (3) Critical Areas halt all destruction of habitat; and (4) the Human Environment plan and manage growth. The Blueprint also presents environmental objectives that are short-term and more specific than the goals. Recommendations for achieving the goals and objectives were divided into fast-track and longer-term management actions. The media tour quite successfully educated several regional and local reporters about the A/P region and the activities aimed at preserving the region's resources. The 1990 Annual Meeting, held in Morehead City, NC, was quite successful.

Characterization of Baseline Demographic Trends in the Permanent and Temporary Populations in the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Area
The permanent and temporary populations of 33 counties within the North Carolina portion of the A/P study area were studied. Year-round population figures were derived from available census years and state and federal agency projections. Temporary population figures were derived from the number of hotel and motel rooms, the number of campground sites, the number of marinas and boat slips, and the number of recreational housing units. Carteret and Dare Counties had the greatest recreational activity. Several coastal counties experienced significant growth during the 1980s, most especially in recreational housing, hotels and motels, and marinas. Such growth is expected to continue in the near future, with the greatest growth projected for Carteret and Dare County and, to a lesser extent, Hyde County. The greatest development activity will be on the barrier islands.

Citizens Water Quality Monitoring Program and Manual
In the first year of APES, Pamlico Tar River Foundation (PTRF) designed and implemented a pilot program for water quality monitoring using volunteers in the Tar- Pamlico basin. The Citizen Program for the Chesapeake Bay served as a model and area scientists were consulted. In April 1988, sixteen trained and equipped volunteers began weekly sampling following strict procedures for measuring water and air temperatures, nutrients, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and a limit of visibility. The monitoring efforts of the Citizen's group were closely tied with those of Division of Environmental Management (DEM) and USGS. Standardized forms were mailed to the project coordinator for verification and entry into a computer database which is compatible with the state and federal agencies. Periodic "quality control sessions" were held to review procedures, conduct quality control exercises, and assess the precision of the data. Citizen's results were found to fall within the same range of accuracy and confidence as those of DEM. Approximately 66 sites throughout the study area were monitored weekly by more than 80 volunteers. The manual is an information resource for Albemarle-Pamlico citizen water quality monitors. It briefly discusses the concepts of pollution and the individual components of water quality (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, etc.), safety tips and advice for accurate testing, Baseline and Specialized Water Quality Testing, and an appendix containing a complete listing of all the equipment provided for each test and technical explanations for each of the methods used.

Coastal Satellite Scene/Poster
Poster-size infrared satellite photos of northeastern North Carolina are available.

Data Inventory
This document summarizes over 120 databases related to the A/P Study area: (1) title; (2) creation date; (3) geographic coverage; (4) type cartographic, tabular, or both; (5) format digital or non-digital; (6) potential candidacy for the APES database; and (7) contact person(s).

Data Management and Analysis System - Data Requirements Document
This document defines the data requirements for the APES database. The data needs assessment involved obtaining the characteristics of existing data and determining future data needs. Over 50 interviews were conducted with potential "donor" and "user" agencies. The results were used to compile a list of data layers (cartographic and attribute data) required to support A/P Study participants. Priorities were established based on ease of acquisition and utility and a schedule for database creation was developed. 64 sets of cartographic data were identified and ranked, 60 sets of attribute data were identified, and general types of bibliographic data were identified for inclusion in the APES database. The management plan defines issues, makes data management recommendations, and discusses options for implementation of those recommendations.

Data Management and Analysis System - Functional Description Document
The Functional Description Document provides a conceptual view of the five components of the APES Data Management and Analysis System: hardware, software, data, people, and procedures. Interactions of these components result in functions that must be able to be supported by the Data Management System: management and maintenance, data extraction and management, data creation and editing, data manipulation and summarization, and data analysis and display. The report discusses the mission of each of the four major user groups (resource managers, the research community, local governments, and private citizens and organizations) and defines the general methods of access for each.

Economic Characterization of the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
The primary objective of this study was to characterize the economic issues raised by the implementation of the CCMP. The economic characterization consists of a qualitative analysis of the costs and benefits that would occur from the implementation of the CCMP management actions. By characterizing the economic factors implicit in each of the CCMP Management Actions, a better understanding can be gained of the relative magnitude of costs and benefits accruing to different sectors of the regional economy as well as their relative distribution among sectors. A secondary objective of this report was to locate and evaluate relevant economic studies, data, and methodologies that can be used to determine economic consequences of the CCMP. A comprehensive literature search was performed to accomplish this. In addition to this report, RAI provided a significant amount of technical and policy assistance to APES in order to complete the final CCMP.

Executive Summary of the Status and Trends Report
The Executive Summary of the complete Status and Trends Report was published separately for wide-spread distribution. Like the full Status and Trends Report, the Executive Summary contains the following sections: Introduction, Critical Areas, Water Quality, Fisheries, Human Environment, and Summary.

Five-Year Work Plan
The Five-Year Work Plan is a shortened version of the Source Document (87-01) containing (1) the background and purpose of the A/P Study; (2) the environmental, use- oriented, and management conditions of the study area; (3) research and information needs; (4) data management; (5) public participation; (6) budget; and (7) scheduling.

Hyde County Soil Survey
The soil survey (1) determined and mapped the nature, distribution, and extent of various kinks of soils in Hyde County; (2) identified on aerial photos the various significant landforms; and (3) recorded on maps the potential land uses for all areas. All maps will eventually be digitized and entered into the NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCCGIA) APES database.

National Estuary Program Designation Ceremony and Associated Public Meeting
A public meeting was held November 14, 1987, in Elizabeth City to highlight management systems, necessary research, and public concerns regarding the A/P region and the A/P Study. Panel sessions and open discussions among citizens and state and federal agency experts were held. Roughly 300 people attended.

Proceedings: Remote Sensing Workshop
This document presents 21 papers given at a two-day workshop held November 9, 1987. Papers fell into six categories: (1) APES and its use of land use/land cover data; (2) the APES data management system; (3) state-of-the-art and summary of issues; (4) in- house programs, capabilities, and expertise; (5) available databases and data services; and (6) experiences in remote sensing in estuarine areas and integrating remote sensing data into a Geographic Information System.

Progress Report for 1989
The Progress Report includes an introduction, milestones and goals, information acquisition, public involvement, monitoring, priority action plans, budgets for Fiscal Year 1989 and Fiscal Year 1990, publications, and schedule of events.

Progress Report for 1990
The Progress Report includes an introduction, milestones and goals, information acquisition, public involvement, monitoring, priority action plans, budgets for Fiscal Year 1989 and Fiscal Year 1990, publications, and schedule of events.

Project Abstracts '87 -'88
This is a compilation of abstracts of projects funded by APES in Fiscal Year 1988.

Project Abstracts for the Period 1989-1990
This is a compilation of abstracts for completed and ongoing projects funded by APES for the period 1989-1990.

Project Abstracts: Fiscal Years 89 & 90
This is a compilation of abstracts for completed and ongoing projects funded by APES for the period 1989-1991.

Projects Funded by the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study
This summary of all the projects funded by the study serves as an overview of the scientific and educational accomplishments of the A/P Study.

Public Attitudes Towards Water Quality and Management Alternatives in the Albemarle- Pamlico Estuarine System: Phase I and Phase II
During Phase I, an extensive literature review and a personal interview/survey were conducted to determine the level of understanding of the causes, severity, and consequences of water quality problems in the A/P region. Most respondents were fairly knowledgeable about certain major issues, but were not well-informed about the connection between upland drainage and estuarine health. Most respondents were quite concerned about health of the A/P region, but less concerned about their immediate surroundings. Most associated water quality problems with point-source dischargers. University professors were seen as most credible; government agencies were also seen as quite credible. Private interest groups, on the other hand, were viewed with some suspicion. It was widely held that management efforts should be expanded, and directed for the public good, not private interests. Phase II makes operational a theoretical model of the relationships between background characteristics and public attitudes regarding the A/P estuarine system and continued the extensive interview/survey process. The focus shifted from a consideration of the natural resources themselves to a consideration of management alternatives. Knowledge about, and attitudes regarding, the effectiveness and equity of different environmental policies and programs were assessed. Public support and potential public support for management alternatives within the A/P system was determined.

Public Involvement Plan
This document covers (1) an introduction to the program, (2) its goals and objectives, (3) staffing and program procedures, (4) tasks (education and information, public participation, and local government liaison), and (5) a time line.

Radio Broadcasts and Public Awareness
Six radio programs were developed and aired on ten radio stations in North Carolina and Virginia. In general, the concepts of estuarine health and good stewardship were stressed. The first program introduced issues of point and nonpoint source pollution, wetlands, and waste treatment. The second and third programs were live phone- in talk shows with local experts and scientists. The fourth, fifth, and sixth programs focused on human impacts and economics, public participation, and fisheries and fish diseases.

Radio Public Service Announcements
The purpose of this project was to achieve participation in the A/P Study. Eight programs (25 broadcasts) were aired in 1990-1991 on the state-wide syndicated radio program "Weekdays with Barbara King." The series was composed of taped interviews and suggestions of public actions to help preserve the estuarine system.

Source Document and Five-Year Plan
This lengthy document establishes (1) the background and purpose of the A/P Study; (2) the environmental, use-oriented, and management conditions of the study area; (3) research and information needs; (4) data management; (5) public participation; (6) budget; and (7) scheduling.

"State of the Estuary" & "Yes, in Your Back Yard" in Your Back Yard"
"State of the Estuary" public television campaign was composed of five 30- second spots, aired over 12 months. The spots covered the following topics: (1) an ntroduction to the sounds and good stewardship; (2) man induced effects on the waters; (3) symptoms of a stressed ecosystem; (4) the plight of the Tar-Pamlico River; and (5) the importance of public involvement in preserving North Carolina's estuaries. The series of television spots entitled "Yes, in Your Back Yard" targets individual user or interest groups, offering suggestions of practices that help preserve the natural environment. The spots are directed at farmers, industrial workers and small businessmen, developers, boaters, citizens and homeowners, and youths. The spots will be distributed to every television market in North Carolina.

Status and Trends Report
The final Status and Trends Report is an updated and revised version of the draft report prepared two years earlier (89-13). The report maintains the basic structure of the draft report: Introduction, Critical Terrestrial Areas and Wetlands, Water Quality, Fisheries, Human Environment, and Summary. The status, trends, and probable causes of degradation are discussed in detail in this compilation of all known information on the A/P system as a whole.

Status Report
The Status Report includes (1) introduction; (2) milestones and goals; (3) information acquisition; (4) public involvement; (5) monitoring; (6) priority action plans; (7) administrative staff and boards; (8) budgets for Fiscal Year 1989 and Fiscal Year 1990; (9) publications; and (10) recommendations.

Technical Support Document for the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP)
The CCMP contains general management plans that address regional concerns. They include the Water Quality Plan, Vital Habitats Plan, Fisheries Plan, Stewardship Plan, and Implementation Plan. Each plan contains a goal statement that outlines the purpose of the entire plan, objectives that list the purposes of the management actions contained within each plan, and a strategy section that describes how each objective will be addressed. Management actions, listed after the strategy, describe general actions that state agencies would take to achieve the broader objectives of the plan. Critical steps provide more detail into the specific measures that must be taken to implement each management action, and potential economic costs and considerations of each action are also described.

The Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study: What Needs to be Done
This 2-page article introduces the A/P estuarine system, discusses signs of environmental stress, defines some of the likely causes of those problems, and describes APES' goals of gathering information, characterizing the system, integrating diverse information, initiating and fostering public involvement, and creating a comprehensive management plan.